C++ Essentials
Covers value semantics and copies, references versus pointers, const in each position, auto deduction, range-for aliasing, std::string and std::vector basics, overload resolution with default arguments, aggregate initialisation, and stream output - the behaviours that surprise someone who already knows C++'s syntax. Every snippet compiles and runs against a real compiler, so the traps are proven, not just asserted.
Who it is for
Knows the syntax, not yet the behaviour.
Start here. It assumes you can read the language and nothing else.
You will get the most out of it if you have written C++ recently enough to read it without effort, and have been surprised by it at least once.
How long it takes
90 graded questions at roughly 45 seconds each is about 68 minutes of answering in total.
At the default five questions a day, and because the session mixes in your other courses, expect around 18 days — call it 3 weeks — to see everything once, plus a few weeks of thinning reviews after that before it is all mastered.
A question is mastered on the third correct answer, once the gap between reviews has grown past a week — so a course cannot be finished in a weekend however long you sit with it.
Question mix
- 60 multiple choice
- 10 concept cards
- 10 predict the output
- 10 put it in order
- 10 matching questions
Syllabus
What you will be asked about
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01
Value Semantics & Copies
Decide what a plain assignment does to two objects, and when they stop sharing anything.
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02
References vs Pointers
Tell a reference from a pointer by what can be rebound, and what can be null.
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03
Const Basics
Say what const protects in each position it can appear.
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04
auto Deduction
Predict what auto deduces, and what it silently drops.
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05
Range-for & Copies
Decide whether a range-for over a container sees copies or the elements themselves.
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06
std::string Basics
Predict what std::string does on comparison, concatenation and size.
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07
std::vector Basics
Use size, indexing and at(), and say what each does when the index is wrong.
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08
Overloads & Defaults
Work out which overload is chosen, and what a default argument does.
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09
Structs, Classes & Init
Say what a struct and a class differ in, and what aggregate initialisation leaves.
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10
Streams & Output
Predict what a chain of << prints, including the traps in mixing types.
A question from this course
Value Semantics & Copies
What does this print?
#include <iostream>
struct Point { int x; int y; };
int main() {
Point a{1, 2};
Point b = a;
b.x = 99;
std::cout << a.x;
}Show the answer
A 1
It is tempting to think b now shares a's storage the way an object reference would in some other languages. Point has no pointer members, so Point b = a; copies both fields into a second, independent object - changing b.x afterwards has nothing left to reach a with.
The rest of the track
C++ at every depth
C++ Core
Covers copy versus move, the rule of three and five, temporary and reference lifetime, the three initialization forms and their narrowing rules, implicit conversions and explicit, parameters by value and by reference, function-local static storage, slicing on inheritance, virtual dispatch, and RAII. Aimed at someone who already writes C++ daily but has never had the gap between what compiles and what is correct made explicit.
C++ Collections
Every container in the standard library keeps a different, precise promise about growth, ordering and cost - and the surprises show up exactly where those promises are assumed rather than checked. This course puts pressure on comfortable C++: which references a push_back invalidates, why operator[] silently inserts, when a set drops what you gave it, and what emplace really skips that insert does not. It is for someone comfortable writing C++ who has never been made to justify what a container guarantees.
C++ Errors & Edge Cases
Most C++ code you write handles the case where everything works; this course is about what happens when it does not. It covers stack unwinding and destructor order, why catching by reference matters, how noexcept and throwing destructors reach std::terminate, the three tiers of exception safety, RAII versus manual cleanup, std::optional as a sentinel replacement, error codes versus exceptions, checked versus unchecked bounds access, and how a bare rethrow really propagates.
C++ Standard Library
For a reader who reaches for a dependency before checking what the standard library already provides. Works through the C++17 vocabulary types, RAII smart pointers, the algorithms header, iostream formatting, and chrono durations, with every answer checked against what actually compiles and runs.
C++ Idioms
For a reader who already gets C++ syntax but still reaches for a cleanup function, a raw new, or a hand-rolled loop out of habit from Java, C, or Python. Works through RAII replacing manual cleanup, value semantics versus the heap, the standard algorithms a loop is usually reimplementing, parameter passing by const reference, move semantics, scope guards, if constexpr, the rule of zero, argument-dependent lookup and hidden friends, and the reserve-and-emplace patterns that avoid extra copies. Every example compiles and runs, and the questions target the exact point where fluent-but-foreign C++ habits produce working code that is not idiomatic.
C++ Advanced
Templates, forwarding, CRTP, folds, lambda captures, overload resolution and constexpr - the parts of C++ that only bite once a codebase gets large. Every answer here is guaranteed by the standard, not by one compiler's mood on one machine.
C++ Performance
Costs you can count instead of guess: copy and move construction proven by an instrumented class, what reserve does and does not remove, by-value versus const& parameters, the returns C++17 actually guarantees to elide, string concatenation, container and algorithm choice, struct layout reasoned about rather than measured, shared_ptr's atomic reference count, and when virtual dispatch is worth its indirection. Every answer here is a count or a printed fact, checked by compiling and running the code - never a clock reading. It is written for someone who has never profiled anything and reasons about speed from folklore - "moves are cheap," "references avoid copies," "virtual is slow" - and needs each claim replaced with something they compiled themselves. No timing, no benchmarks: just what a program can prove about itself.
C++ Testing
Ten spines on testing C++ the way it actually gets tested: separating a pure decision from its side effect, injecting a dependency instead of reaching for a global, and telling a test double that proves something from one that only looks reassuring. Every graded snippet compiles as a plain program with a tiny check()-style helper - no gtest, no catch2 - and is checked to give the same answer on both x86-64 and arm64. Written for someone who tests the code they wrote rather than the code they meant, and who writes tests that can pass for the wrong reason without noticing.
C++ Interview Questions
Ten spines of the C++ questions that separate people who have read the documentation from people who have hit the behaviour in production: ownership and the Rule of Five, virtual destructors and slicing, shared_ptr cycles, move semantics, const, dispatch, iterator invalidation, initialisation order, and the classic undefined behaviour every interviewer expects you to name. Every snippet compiles and runs the same way twice - the traps here are conceptual, never machine-dependent.
Start C++ Essentials
in tomorrow’s session.
Enrol and this course joins your daily five, mixed in with everything else you are studying — 90 questions spread over about 18 days rather than dropped on you at once.
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